對於放置留置導尿管的病人，哪些護理行動是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing actions are appropriate for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解將引流袋保持在低於膀胱的水平
- BPerform perineal care twice daily✓ 正解每日兩次進行會陰護理
- CDisconnect the system for routine cleaning為例行清潔而斷開系統
- DSecure the catheter to the client's thigh✓ 正解將導尿管固定在病人的大腿上
- EIrrigate the catheter every shift as a routine每班例行沖洗導尿管
核心概念：留置導尿管（Indwelling Urinary Catheter）的護理。 為何正確答案對： A. 保持引流袋（Drainage bag）低於膀胱水平，是利用重力原理確保尿液順暢引流，防止尿液逆流回膀胱，減少導尿管相關尿路感染（Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, CAUTI）的風險。 B. 每日進行會陰部護理（Perform perineal care twice daily）能清潔尿道口周圍，去除分泌物和污垢，預防細菌滋生和感染。 D. 使用膠帶將導尿管固定於病人大腿（Secure the catheter to the client's thigh），可減少導管對尿道的牽拉和摩擦，預防尿道損傷和拔脫。 為何其他選項錯： C. 例行性清潔（Routine cleaning）不應斷開導尿管與引流系統之間的密閉連接，因為這會引入空氣或細菌，增加感染風險。除非是為了更換引流袋或進行其他必要操作，否則應盡量維持系統的密閉性。 E. 除非有臨床指徵（如引流不暢、懷疑阻塞），否則不應例行性地沖洗導尿管（Irrigate the catheter every shift）。例行沖洗可能破壞膀胱的自然防禦機制，增加感染和創傷的風險。
Keeping the drainage bag below the bladder uses gravity to prevent urine backflow and reduce infection risk. Daily perineal care reduces the bacterial load around the urethral meatus. Securing the catheter to the thigh prevents accidental traction and urethral trauma. Disconnection of the closed system or routine irrigation increases the risk of introducing bacteria.