— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些護理師的介入行為展現了對病人的適當倡議（Advocacy）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions by a nurse demonstrates appropriate advocacy for a client? (Select all that apply.)
- AClarifying with the physician a medication order that the client questions✓ 正解就病人質疑的藥物醫囑與醫師釐清
- BInforming the client about their right to refuse a procedure✓ 正解告知病人有拒絕處置的權利
- CDocumenting that a client's concerns were ignored by the surgical team✓ 正解記錄外科團隊忽視病人疑慮的情況
- DAssisting the client to sign a consent form before explaining the procedure在解釋處置前協助病人簽署同意書
- EProtecting the client's privacy by closing the curtain during a physical exam✓ 正解在身體檢查時拉上床簾以保護病人隱私
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
護理倡議（Advocacy）的核心在於護理師作為病人的守護者，確保其權利受到尊重、決策過程透明，並在醫療體系中為病人發聲。此題考查護理師在維護病人自主權與安全上的主動性。正確選項皆體現了防止醫療疏失、尊重病人知情同意權及維護隱私與尊嚴的專業責任。護理師必須在醫療團隊與病人之間建立溝通橋樑，確保病人的聲音被聽見，且醫療介入符合病人權益。
Nursing advocacy involves protecting client rights, ensuring informed consent, and maintaining privacy. Appropriate actions include clarifying questionable orders, educating clients on their right to refuse treatment, documenting ignored concerns for accountability, and preserving dignity by closing curtains during examinations.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，護理師對倡議的定義極為明確，包括在病人權利法案（Patient Bill of Rights）架構下，若病人不滿醫療決策，護理師需協助聯繫病人關係部門（Patient Relations）或病人權益代表（Patient Advocate）。