— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護靜脈注射嗎啡的病人，應監測哪些發現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving IV morphine. Which findings should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory depression✓ 正解呼吸抑制
- BConstipation✓ 正解便秘
- CUrinary retention✓ 正解尿滯留
- DSedation levels✓ 正解鎮靜程度
- EHypertension高血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗎啡（Morphine）為鴉片類止痛藥，作用於中樞神經系統。護理師在給藥過程中，必須監測藥物引發的全身性副作用。其中呼吸抑制（Respiratory depression）為最危險的併發症，直接威脅生命，因此在給藥前評估呼吸速率及給藥後監測鎮靜等級（Sedation level）是護理安全的核心。此外，嗎啡會降低腸胃道蠕動與膀胱括約肌張力，導致便秘與尿滯留。
Morphine is an opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system, making respiratory depression the most critical and life-threatening adverse effect to monitor. Nurses must assess sedation levels closely, as increased sedation often precedes respiratory compromise. Additionally, opioids decrease gastrointestinal motility, causing constipation, and increase bladder sphincter tone, leading to urinary retention.