護理師照護一位痰液培養為結核分枝桿菌陽性的病人。護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive result on a sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which action should the nurse prioritize?
- APerform hand hygiene after touching the client接觸病人後執行手部衛生
- BDocument the laboratory findings in the chart將實驗室發現記錄於病歷中
- CAdminister the prescribed antibiotics給予處方抗生素
- DPlace the client in an airborne infection isolation room✓ 正解將病人安置於空氣傳播感染隔離室
結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）透過空氣傳播（Airborne transmission），微小的飛沫核（Droplet nuclei）可長時間懸浮於空氣中。依據標準預防措施與傳播預防措施（Transmission-based precautions），對於疑似或確診肺結核的病人，最優先的護理措施是將其安置在空氣隔離室（Airborne Infection Isolation Room, AIIR），該病房具備負壓通風系統及高效率空氣微粒過濾器（HEPA filter），以防止病原菌擴散至其他區域。
Because Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads via airborne droplet nuclei, the highest priority is placing the client in an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) equipped with negative pressure and HEPA filtration to prevent transmission. This immediate containment measure takes precedence over documentation, hand hygiene, or administering antibiotics.
台美在結核病隔離規範上趨於一致，均強制要求負壓病房。差異在於美國對結核檢測結果的通報流程（Public Health Reporting）非常嚴格且迅速，護理師需確保電子病歷系統中隔離狀態已同步更新。