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安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA

護理師照護一位腹部大傷口感染抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的病人。下列哪些護理措施是正確的?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with a large abdominal wound infected with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to take? (Select all that apply.)

  • AWear a gown when providing direct care for the client✓ 正解
    為病人提供直接照護時穿著隔離衣
  • BAssign the client to a private room✓ 正解
    將病人安置於單人病房
  • CDedicate a specific stethoscope for this client's use only✓ 正解
    指定一支聽診器僅供此病人使用
  • DInstruct the client to wear an N95 mask during transport
    指示病人在轉運期間佩戴 N95 口罩
  • EPerform hand hygiene after removing gloves and before leaving the room✓ 正解
    脫除手套後及離開病房前執行手部衛生
Explanation · 中文詳解

MRSA 主要透過直接或間接接觸傳播,因此應採取接觸傳染防護措施(Contact Precautions)。這包含:1. 穿戴隔離衣與手套(A 對),特別是在接觸可能受污染的環境或傷口換藥時。2. 優先安排單人病房(B 對),以減少對其他病人的傳播風險。3. 使用病人專用的醫療器材(C 對),如專用聽診器、血壓計,避免器材在病房門進出造成交叉污染。4. 嚴格的手部衛生(E 對),在脫掉手套後必須立即洗手,因為手套可能有微孔或在脫除過程中污染手部。選項 D 錯誤,因為 MRSA 不是透過空氣傳播,病人轉送時若傷口已覆蓋,不需要佩戴 N95。臨床思路應著重於「阻斷接觸鏈」,將病原體限制在病人的物理邊界內,保護醫療環境的完整性。

MRSA spreads primarily through contact, requiring Contact Precautions such as wearing a gown during direct care and assigning the client to a private room to minimize transmission risk. The nurse should use dedicated equipment like a stethoscope and perform strict hand hygiene after glove removal, as gloves are not a perfect barrier. An N95 mask is unnecessary for the client since MRSA is not airborne.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國,對 MRSA 的積極篩檢與「專屬器材」執行非常徹底。台灣在健保體制下,單人房資源較少,實務中常使用布簾做簡易區隔,並在床頭標示接觸隔離,護理師需更注意手部衛生與公用器材(如行動工作車)的清潔消毒。

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