一名 19 歲男性因細菌性腦膜炎被安排嚴格飛沫隔離。他頻繁扯下外科口罩走到公共走廊使用設施電話。哪項優先處置能最佳化感染控制並維持病患權力？
A newly admitted 19-year-old male is placed on strict respiratory droplet precautions for bacterial meningitis. He frequently removes his surgical mask to wander down the public corridor and use the facility phone. Which priority intervention optimally aligns with infection control while maintaining his client rights?
- AInstruct the physician tightly to heavily sedate the client rapidly.指示醫師迅速給予病患高度鎮靜。
- BLock the client’s designated private room door perfectly firmly.將病患指定之私人房間門緊鎖。
- CApply soft bilateral wrist restraints strongly to prevent mask removal directly.強力施加雙側手腕約束帶以防止直接移除口罩。
- DProvide the client with a sanitized cordless phone safely inside his designated isolation room.✓ 正解在病患指定之隔離室內提供一部消毒過之無線電話。
本題考驗護理師在感染控制與病患權力之間的平衡，並應用「最少約束原則 (Least Restrictive Measures)」。病患因細菌性腦膜炎 (bacterial meningitis) 需要飛沫隔離 (droplet precautions)，這意味著他必須戴外科口罩並待在隔離房間，以防病原體傳播。然而，病患有使用電話的需求。直接施加約束（如手部約束或鎖門）雖能物理性阻止病患離開，但這嚴重侵犯了病患的自主權，且可能造成心理創傷，應是最後的手段。最佳的介入方式是找出病患行為的動機，並以最不具限制性的方式滿足其需求，同時確保感染控制。
To balance infection control with patient autonomy, the nurse should provide a sanitized cordless phone within the isolation room. This intervention addresses the patient's need for communication without forcing him to leave the room or remove his mask, thereby adhering to droplet precautions. Using restraints or sedation is inappropriate as they violate patient rights and should only be considered as a last resort when less restrictive measures fail.
滿足需求永遠是約束前的第一步。