— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些評估發現顯示病人出現體液過量？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings indicate a client is experiencing fluid volume overload? (Select all that apply.)
- ADistended neck veins✓ 正解頸靜脈怒張
- BBounding pulse✓ 正解脈搏強勁
- CElevated hematocrit level血容比升高
- DCrackles upon lung auscultation✓ 正解聽診肺部有囉音
- EPeripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
體液過量（Fluid Volume Overload / Hypervolemia）會導致血管內壓力升高，臨床表現為靜脈回流受阻（頸靜脈怒張）、心臟負荷過重（強勁脈搏）以及肺部淤血（肺囉音）。末梢水腫則是組織間液積聚的結果。血容比（Hct）在體液過量時，因血液稀釋，數值應下降，而非上升。辨識這些徵兆有助於早期發現心衰竭或輸液過量。
Management of acute pancreatitis focuses on resting the pancreas by maintaining NPO status to reduce secretions and administering IV fluids to address third-spacing. Pain control with morphine is appropriate despite historical concerns about sphincter of Oddi spasm, and monitoring for hyperglycemia is essential due to potential damage to insulin-producing cells.