— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位尿崩症（DI）病人使用去氨加壓素（Desmopressin）。下列何者代表療效顯著？
A client with diabetes insipidus (DI) is receiving desmopressin. Which finding indicates the medication is effective?
- AIncreased urine output尿量增加
- BDecreased urine output✓ 正解尿量減少
- CDecreased urine specific gravity尿液比重降低
- DIncreased serum sodium level血清鈉離子濃度升高
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus, DI）是因為抗利尿激素（ADH/Vasopressin）分泌不足或腎臟對其無反應，導致腎小管無法再吸收水分，病人會排出大量稀釋的尿液。去氨加壓素（Desmopressin）是人工合成的 ADH 類似物，能促進腎小管再吸收水分。藥物療效的臨床指標為尿量減少、尿比重（Specific gravity）上升，以及血清鈉濃度趨於穩定。
Desmopressin is effective for diabetes insipidus when it promotes water reabsorption, indicated by a decrease in urine output and an increase in urine specific gravity. An increase in urine output, decreased specific gravity, or elevated serum sodium would suggest the medication is ineffective or the condition is worsening.