一位病人因「詐病（Malingering）」診斷入院。護理師了解此狀況包含：
A client is admitted to the psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of malingering. The nurse understands that this condition involves:
- AUnconscious manifestation of physical symptoms due to stress由於壓力導致的身體症狀無意識表現
- BPreoccupation with having a serious undiagnosed medical illness對患有嚴重未診斷醫療疾病的執著
- CIntentional production of symptoms for external gain✓ 正解為獲得外部利益而故意產生症狀
- DIntentional creation of symptoms to assume the 'sick role' without external incentives為假裝『病人角色』而故意創造症狀，且無外部誘因
核心概念是詐病與其他軀體症狀障礙症（Somatic Symptom Disorders）的鑑別診斷。詐病並非一種精神疾病，而是一種為了「外部利益」而蓄意製造症狀的行為。為什麼正確答案對？外部利益可能包括逃避法律責任、獲得藥物、逃避兵役或工作、或獲取經濟補償。臨床思路上，護理師需區分詐病與人造病（Factitious Disorder）。安全優先原則要求在評估過程中保持客觀，避免因發現病人說謊而產生偏見或憤怒，從而影響照護品質。選項 A 是轉化症，B 是病感症，D 是人造病。
Malingering is defined as the intentional production of false or exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms motivated by external incentives, such as financial gain, avoiding work, or obtaining drugs. It is distinct from factitious disorder, where symptoms are feigned to assume the sick role without obvious external rewards.
在美國，詐病常與法律訴訟或軍隊護理相關，護理師需嚴謹紀錄病人的主訴與客觀觀察的不一致性。台灣臨床上，常見於逃避兵役或工傷糾紛，護理師應維持中立，不應在病歷中直接寫下「病人正在撒謊」，而應詳實記錄行為矛盾處。