— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人被診斷為低血鉀，護理師應監測哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which manifestations should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- BAbdominal distention✓ 正解腹部膨脹
- CCardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
- DHyperactive bowel sounds腸鳴音亢進
- ETall, peaked T waves高大尖銳的 T 波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會影響全身肌肉收縮，包括骨骼肌與平滑肌。平滑肌收縮無力會導致腸蠕動減慢，進而引發腹脹（Abdominal distention）與便秘。骨骼肌無力則表現為肌肉無力感。心肌方面，低血鉀會引起心律不整（Cardiac dysrhythmias），這是最危險的生理適應問題。護理師需密切監測這些系統的變化，以防止病情惡化。
Hypokalemia impairs neuromuscular function, leading to skeletal muscle weakness and reduced smooth muscle tone, which manifests as abdominal distention and constipation. Additionally, low potassium levels disrupt cardiac electrical conduction, making cardiac dysrhythmias a critical manifestation to monitor.