— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對於急性胰臟炎的病人應採取哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should a nurse implement for a client who is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain NPO status to allow pancreatic rest✓ 正解維持 NPO 狀態以讓胰臟休息
- BAdminister IV opioids as ordered for pain✓ 正解依醫囑給予靜脈注射鴉片類止痛藥
- CEncourage a high-fat diet for caloric intake鼓勵攝取高脂飲食以增加熱量
- DMonitor for signs of hypocalcemia✓ 正解監測低血鈣徵兆
- EAdminister prophylactic antibiotics for all patients為所有病人預防性給予抗生素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎的照護重點在於減輕胰臟分泌負擔與緩解疼痛。禁食（NPO）是為了讓胰臟休息，減少消化酵素分泌；靜脈止痛藥可緩解劇烈疼痛；由於脂肪壞死過程中，鈣離子會與游離脂肪酸結合，易導致低血鈣，需嚴密監測抽筋或特徵性徵兆（如 Trousseau/Chvostek sign）。抗生素非必要不常規使用，高脂飲食會加重發炎。
Management of acute pancreatitis focuses on resting the pancreas by maintaining NPO status to reduce enzyme secretion and administering IV opioids for severe pain. Because fat necrosis can lead to hypocalcemia, the nurse must monitor for signs of low calcium levels. High-fat diets and routine prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated as they can exacerbate inflammation or are unnecessary.