— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 病人主訴呼吸困難，哪項護理措施最有效？
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complaining of shortness of breath. Which nursing action is most effective?
- AProviding a large meal to increase energy提供大餐以增加能量
- BEncouraging pursed-lip breathing✓ 正解鼓勵噘嘴呼吸
- CPlacing the client in a supine position將病人置於仰臥位
- DAdministering high-flow oxygen給予高流量氧氣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
COPD 病人的呼吸困難常源於空氣滯留（Air trapping）。噘嘴式呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）能透過呼氣時製造阻力，增加呼氣末正壓（PEEP），防止細支氣管過早塌陷，有助於更徹底地排出肺部殘餘氣體。此技巧簡單且無侵入性，是 COPD 病人緩解呼吸困難、改善氣體交換效率的標準非藥物療法。
Encouraging pursed-lip breathing is the most effective action because it creates back-pressure that keeps airways open during expiration, preventing premature collapse and reducing air trapping. This non-invasive technique improves gas exchange and relieves dyspnea more effectively than positioning or dietary changes in this context.