— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對開始服用 lisinopril 的病人進行指導，應提醒其立即回報哪些副作用？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client starting on lisinopril. Which adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report immediately? (Select all that apply.)
- APersistent dry cough✓ 正解持續性乾咳
- BSwelling of the lips or face✓ 正解嘴唇或臉部腫脹
- CMild headache輕微頭痛
- DDifficulty breathing✓ 正解呼吸困難
- EDizziness upon standing站立時頭暈
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
ACE 抑制劑常見副作用為乾咳（A），但血管性水腫（B）及呼吸困難（D）是致命的過敏反應徵兆，必須立即停藥就醫。輕微頭痛（C）常隨時間改善；站立頭暈（E）為姿勢性低血壓，應指導緩慢變換姿勢，而非緊急就醫。
Clients starting lisinopril should be instructed to report a persistent dry cough, which is a common side effect due to bradykinin accumulation. More critically, they must seek immediate help for swelling of the lips or face and difficulty breathing, as these are signs of potentially fatal angioedema. Mild headaches and dizziness are less urgent and often manageable with conservative measures.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫護衛教常強調咳嗽需回報以便更換為 ARB 類藥物，美國則更強調預防血管性水腫的急救教育。