— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師評估一位有體液容積缺失徵象的病人。護理師應預期哪些發現?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is assessing a client with signs of fluid volume deficit. Which findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- BJugular venous distention頸靜脈怒張
- CDecreased skin turgor✓ 正解皮膚彈性降低
- DOrthostatic hypotension✓ 正解姿勢性低血壓
- EBounding pulse脈搏強而有力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
體液容積缺失(fluid volume deficit),又稱低血容(hypovolemia),是指體內總體液量不足,導致細胞外液減少。這可能是由於攝入不足、大量失液(如嘔吐、腹瀉、出血、燒傷)或利尿劑使用過度等原因造成。核心概念是身體會啟動代償機制來維持重要器官的灌流,例如增加心率和血管收縮。護理師在評估這類病人時,應預期看到一系列反映循環血量不足的生理徵象。這些徵象可以幫助護理師判斷體液缺失的嚴重程度並指導後續的液體補充治療。
Fluid volume deficit triggers compensatory mechanisms such as tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension to maintain perfusion. Clinical assessment also reveals decreased skin turgor due to dehydration, whereas jugular venous distention and bounding pulses are signs of fluid excess.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理實務強調評估黏膜濕潤度與姿勢性血壓變化;台灣臨床亦同,並重視每日體重紀錄。