— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位意識混亂且反覆嘗試拔除靜脈導管的病人。應優先採取哪項措施?
A nurse is caring for a client who is confused and repeatedly tries to pull out their peripheral IV line. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- ARequest a prescription for a sedative medication申請鎮靜劑醫囑
- BPlace a wrap or stockinette over the IV site✓ 正解在靜脈導管處覆蓋繃帶或彈性套
- CMove the client to a room closer to the nurse's station將病人移至靠近護理站的房間
- DApply soft wrist restraints to both arms對雙臂施加軟質手腕約束
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
這題考驗的是「約束替代方案」(Restraint Alternatives)與「最少限制原則」。在使用任何物理或化學約束前,護理師必須先嘗試非侵入性且非限制性的方法。使用包紮(Wrap)或網套(Stockinette)遮蓋 IV 部位(Out of sight, out of mind)是臨床上有效的首選策略,因為它不會限制病人的活動範圍。將病人移近護理站(C)固然有助於觀察,但無法直接阻止拔管動作。物理約束(D)與藥物(A)則必須在所有替代方案無效後,依據醫囑才能使用。
Covering the IV site with a wrap or stockinette is the first intervention as it removes the visual stimulus without restricting the client. Restraints or sedatives are last resorts, and moving the client does not directly prevent the action.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國對於「零約束」(Restraint-free)的政策執行非常徹底,且法律規範極嚴。台灣雖也推動約束替代,但在人力不足時,對於約束的容忍度相對較高,這在 NCLEX 考試中必須特別注意轉換邏輯。