一位第一型糖尿病病人被發現意識不清且出冷汗。護理師的立即行動為何？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious and diaphoretic. What is the nurse's immediate action?
- AAdminister 15g of simple carbohydrates orally口服給予 15 克簡單碳水化合物
- BCheck the client's blood glucose level測量病人血糖
- CNotify the rapid response team通知快速反應小組
- DAdminister glucagon intramuscularly✓ 正解肌肉注射升糖素
一位第一型糖尿病（Type 1 diabetes mellitus）病人若被發現意識不清且出冷汗，這通常是嚴重低血糖（severe hypoglycemia）的典型徵象。低血糖會迅速影響腦部功能，若不即時處理可能導致永久性腦損傷甚至死亡。核心概念是，在病人意識不清無法配合口服的情況下，必須選擇非口服途徑快速提升血糖，以避免吸入性肺炎等併發症。臨床思路遵循安全優先原則，確保病人呼吸道暢通並迅速提供升糖治療。
A client with type 1 diabetes who is unconscious and diaphoretic likely has severe hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia rapidly affects brain function, and untreated severe hypoglycemia can cause permanent brain damage or death. When the client is unconscious and cannot swallow, a non-oral route must be used to raise blood glucose quickly while avoiding aspiration pneumonia. Following safety-first principles, the nurse maintains airway patency and rapidly delivers glucose-elevating therapy.
美國護理指引（ADA）授權護理師在低血糖急症時直接給予升糖素；台灣多數需依照醫囑或急救協議執行。