繁忙的郊區社區發生了起因於污染當地餐廳的急性腸胃炎大爆發。社區健康護理師策劃的哪項明確行動不容置疑地構成了『次段預防 (Secondary prevention)』策略？
An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis traced to a contaminated local restaurant occurs in a busy suburban community. Which explicit action undeniably constitutes a secondary prevention strategy directed by the community health nurse?
- ACoordinating complex long-term physical therapy for the elderly clients disabled by extreme dehydration.為因嚴重脫水而殘障的老年病人協調複雜的長期物理治療
- BRunning rapid diagnostic stool culture screenings continuously on all individuals who dined at the restaurant.✓ 正解對所有曾在該餐廳用餐者持續進行快速診斷糞便培養篩檢
- CDisseminating a unified public alert mandating all residents avoid eating at the contaminated venue completely.發布統一公共警報，強制所有居民完全避免在受污染場所用餐
- DDistributing oral rehydration packets directly to families already actively symptomatic in the emergency room.直接向急診室內已有明顯症狀的家庭分發口服補液鹽包
本題測驗第二段預防 (Secondary Prevention)。次段預防的核心是『早期發現，早期治療』，包含所有的篩檢 (Screenings) 與疾病早期的接觸者普查。在此情境中，針對吃過該餐廳的人進行糞便培養篩檢，目的是在他們爆發嚴重症狀之前把菌找出來（選項 B 是完美次段預防）。選項 C (發布警示避免接觸) 屬於防患未然的初段預防 (Primary)。選項 D (給生病的人藥物) 與選項 A (長期復健) 都是針對已發病者的三段預防 (Tertiary)。
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to halt disease progression, such as screening exposed populations for pathogens. Conducting rapid diagnostic stool cultures on individuals who dined at the contaminated restaurant identifies asymptomatic carriers or early cases, fitting this definition. In contrast, issuing alerts is primary prevention, while treating active symptoms or providing long-term rehabilitation constitutes tertiary prevention.
只要看到 Screening (篩檢) 或是早期診斷 (Early diagnosis)，100% 就是 Secondary prevention (第二段預防)。