— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
病人在急診室因蜂螫出現嚴重過敏反應。護理師應預期首先給予哪種藥物？
A client presents to the emergency department with a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering first?
- ADiphenhydramine IM肌肉注射 Diphenhydramine
- BAlbuterol nebulizerAlbuterol 霧化吸入
- CMethylprednisolone IV靜脈注射 Methylprednisolone
- DEpinephrine IM✓ 正解肌肉注射 Epinephrine
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嚴重過敏反應（Anaphylaxis）的首選救命藥物是腎上腺素（Epinephrine），它能迅速收縮血管提升血壓並擴張支氣管。類固醇（C）和抗組織胺（A）是輔助藥物，起效慢。Albuterol（B）僅能擴張支氣管，無法解決全身性血管塌陷。
Epinephrine is the first-line medication for treating anaphylaxis because it rapidly reverses life-threatening symptoms by constricting blood vessels and dilating bronchioles. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are secondary treatments that act too slowly to manage the acute phase, while albuterol only addresses bronchospasm without correcting systemic hypotension.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無差異。全球公認 Epinephrine 為嚴重過敏反應第一線藥物。