— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位接受髖關節置換術後的病患，護理師應實施哪些措施以預防深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? (Select all that apply.)
- AApply sequential compression devices (SCDs)✓ 正解應用順序加壓裝置（SCDs）
- BEncourage early and frequent ambulation✓ 正解鼓勵早期且頻繁的下床活動
- CAdminister prescribed anticoagulants as scheduled✓ 正解按時給予處方抗凝血劑
- DMassage the lower extremities to improve circulation按摩下肢以改善循環
- EInstruct the client to avoid flexion of the hip beyond 90 degrees指示病人避免髖關節屈曲超過90度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防術後 DVT 的金標準包括機械性預防（SCDs）、藥物預防（抗凝血劑）及促進靜脈回流（早期下床）。按摩患肢絕對禁止，因為可能導致栓子脫落引發肺栓塞。限制髖關節彎曲角度是為了預防假體脫位，而非直接預防 DVT。
Sequential compression devices promote venous return and prevent blood stasis. Early and frequent ambulation is the most effective method for preventing deep vein thrombosis. Prescribed anticoagulants reduce the risk of clot formation by altering the coagulation cascade.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國針對高風險術後病人有標準化的 DVT 預防 Protocol；台灣臨床常規給予彈性襪，但早期下床之醫護鼓勵程度不一。