— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師為一位疑似腦膜炎剛入院的病人規劃照護，應優先執行哪項措施以降低續發性感染的風險？
A nurse is planning care for a client who has just been admitted with suspected meningitis. Which action should the nurse prioritize to reduce the risk of secondary infections?
- AImplement droplet precautions✓ 正解實施飛沫隔離措施
- BPerform a neurological assessment every hour每小時進行神經系統評估
- CKeep the head of the bed elevated at 30 degrees將床頭抬高 30 度
- DAdminister prophylactic antibiotics給予預防性抗生素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
腦膜炎（特別是腦膜炎雙球菌）具有高度傳染性，病原體經由飛沫傳播。在確認感染源前，執行飛沫隔離措施是保護醫療人員及其他病人的首要防線。病人的神經功能評估固然重要，但感控措施對於防止疾病擴散具有更廣泛的風險降低意義。
Droplet precautions are essential to prevent the transmission of meningitis pathogens, particularly Neisseria meningitidis, which spreads via respiratory droplets. While neurological assessments and head elevation are important for monitoring and managing intracranial pressure, they do not directly prevent the spread of infection to others.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院感染控制政策較嚴格執行單人房隔離；台灣受限於病床編制，通常會採屏風隔離或轉入負壓/隔離病房。