— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位全髖關節置換術後病人，下列哪項措施對預防深層靜脈血栓（DVT）最有效？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which action is most effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis?
- AEncourage bed rest鼓勵卧床休息
- BApply sequential compression devices✓ 正解使用順序性加壓裝置
- CElevate the affected extremity抬高患肢
- DMassage the calf muscles to increase circulation按摩小腿肌肉以增加循環
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後預防 DVT 的黃金準則為機械性壓迫與早期活動。間歇性氣壓式腿部壓迫裝置（SCDs）能促進靜脈回流，降低瘀滯風險。臥床會增加血栓機率，抬高患肢雖能減少腫脹但非預防血栓之首選，按摩下肢則絕對禁止，以免導致既有血栓脫落引發肺栓塞。
The gold standard for postoperative DVT prevention is mechanical compression and early mobilization. Sequential compression devices (SCDs) promote venous return and reduce stasis risk. Bed rest increases thrombus risk; elevating the limb reduces swelling but is not primary for DVT prevention; calf massage is absolutely contraindicated as it can dislodge existing thrombi and cause pulmonary embolism.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆強調 SCDs 使用，但美國更嚴格執行早期下床活動（Early Ambulation）的標準化評估。