鼻胃管 (NGT) 病人的護理措施哪些正確？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with a nasogastric tube (NGT)? (Select all that apply.)
- AElevate head of bed at least 30 degrees✓ 正解床頭抬高至少 30 度
- BCheck placement before every feeding✓ 正解每次灌食前檢查管路位置
- CFlush with water before and after meds✓ 正解給藥前後以清水沖洗管路
- DIrrigate with 30 mL of normal saline✓ 正解以 30 mL 生理食鹽水沖洗
- EPlace tube in the trachea for feeding將管路置入氣管進行灌食
鼻胃管（NGT）護理的核心在於維持管路通暢、確認位置安全及預防吸入性肺炎。臨床上，為了防止胃內容物逆流，應將床頭抬高至少30度。灌食前必須確認管路位置，避免將營養液灌入呼吸道導致嚴重後果。給藥前後沖水是為了確保藥物完全進入胃部並防止管路阻塞。若管路阻塞，使用生理食鹽水沖洗是標準程序。這些措施共同維護了病人的消化道安全與營養攝取。
Elevating the head of the bed at least 30 degrees helps prevent aspiration of gastric contents during feeding. Placement must be verified before administration to ensure the tube is in the stomach, and flushing with water maintains patency and prevents clogging. Routine irrigation with saline is also appropriate for maintaining tube function without disrupting the closed system.
在美國臨床，確認NGT位置的金標準是X光攝影，護理師通常依據單位Protocol使用pH試紙（pH < 5）或抽吸胃液確認。台灣臨床偶爾仍可見聽診氣泡測試，但在美國考題中，聽診法已被視為不可靠且不應採用的方法。