— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在評估一位新診斷為愛迪生氏症（Addison's disease）的病人。何種症狀最能代表此疾病？
A nurse is assessing a client with a new diagnosis of Addison's disease. Which symptom is most characteristic of this condition?
- AMuscle weakness and edema肌肉無力和水腫
- BWeight loss and hyperpigmentation✓ 正解體重減輕和色素沉著
- CMoon face and buffalo hump滿月臉和水牛背
- DAnxiety and insomnia焦慮和失眠
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
愛迪生氏症是腎上腺皮質功能低下，導致皮質醇和醛固酮分泌不足。典型症狀包括體重減輕、食慾不振、肌肉無力、低血壓，以及因 ACTH 增加刺激黑色素細胞，造成皮膚和黏膜色素沉澱（hyperpigmentation）。滿月臉和水牛背是庫欣氏症候群的特徵。
Addison's disease presents with weight loss and hyperpigmentation due to increased ACTH stimulating melanocytes. Unlike Cushing's syndrome, which causes moon face and buffalo hump, Addison's involves adrenal insufficiency leading to these specific physical changes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國對愛迪生氏症的衛教，會強調壓力下的藥物調整；台灣衛教亦包含此，但可能更著重於日常飲食與水分攝取。