— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師準備對一名高血壓病患給予第一劑的 lisinopril。為確保病患安全,護理師應優先提供哪項指導?
The nurse is preparing to administer an initial dose of lisinopril to a client with hypertension. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize to ensure client safety?
- AReport a dry, hacking cough to the healthcare provider向醫療提供者報告乾咳
- BMonitor your blood glucose regularly定期監測血糖
- CAvoid eating foods high in potassium such as bananas避免食用高鉀食物如香蕉
- DChange positions slowly when getting out of bed✓ 正解起床時動作要緩慢
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
ACE 抑制劑(如 lisinopril)在給予「第一劑」時,最常見且具安全威脅的副作用是「首劑低血壓」(First-dose hypotension)。這可能導致病患在起身時暈眩、跌倒甚至受傷。雖然選項 C(限鉀)和 A(乾咳)也是長期的藥物指導重點,但在給予「第一劑」的當下,預防跌倒與姿勢性低血壓是安全性最高的優先事項。護理師應教導病患「先坐於床緣、緩慢起身」,這符合 NCLEX 的安全優先原則(Safety and Infection Control 範疇在 Physiological Adaptation 中的應用)。
The nurse should instruct the client to change positions slowly to prevent first-dose hypotension, a common and dangerous side effect of lisinopril that increases the risk of falls and injury upon standing.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理強調預防跌倒(Fall Prevention)的法律責任與臨床流程,任何可能致暈的藥物都必須有明確的衛教紀錄;台灣臨床同樣重視跌倒預防,但有時會併入整體給藥指導中,較少單獨強調「首劑」的特殊性。