護理師為昏迷病人執行口腔護理時,應採取哪些措施?(選所有適合的)
Which actions should the nurse perform when providing oral hygiene to an unconscious client? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the client in a side-lying position✓ 正解將病人置於側臥姿勢
- BUse a padded tongue blade to keep the mouth open✓ 正解使用包墊的壓舌板保持嘴巴張開
- CUse lemon-glycerin swabs for cleaning使用檸檬甘油棉棒進行清潔
- DAssess the mouth for signs of dryness or inflammation✓ 正解評估口腔是否有乾燥或發炎跡象
- EUse an oral suction catheter to prevent aspiration✓ 正解使用口腔吸引管以防止吸入
昏迷病人喪失保護性吞嚥反射,口腔護理的核心在於『預防吸入性肺炎』。側臥(A)能利用重力防止口水或清潔液流入氣道。使用牙墊(B)可安全打開口腔且防止咬傷護理人員手指。口腔評估(D)對於無法表達的病人至關重要,可及早發現念珠菌感染或黏膜潰瘍。抽吸(E)則是必備防護,確保清潔液不會滯留於口腔後方。檸檬甘油棒(C)是錯誤的選項,因為檸檬酸會刺激且乾燥口腔黏膜,甘油則會改變口腔 pH 值,導致細菌過度生長,現行護理規範建議使用柔軟的口腔海綿刷沾取溫水或專用漱口水。
Placing the client in a side-lying position facilitates drainage and prevents aspiration during oral hygiene. Using a padded tongue blade safely keeps the mouth open without risking injury, while oral suctioning clears secretions to protect the airway. Regular assessment of the mouth detects dryness or inflammation, whereas lemon-glycerin swabs should be avoided as they can irritate and dry out mucous membranes.
美國護理指引對口腔海綿刷的材質要求較高,強調預防 CAP(呼吸器相關肺炎)的 Bundle Care;台灣臨床護理師常使用凡士林塗抹嘴唇,雖有潤澤效果但需留意是否造成細菌滋生。