護理師照顧一名裝有胸管及水封式引流系統的病患。護理師觀察到水封腔（water-seal chamber）內有持續且劇烈的氣泡產生。護理師應懷疑發生了什麼情況？
A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube connected to a water-seal drainage system. The nurse observes constant, vigorous bubbling in the water-seal chamber. What should the nurse suspect?
- AThe suction control chamber is set too high抽吸控制腔設定過高
- BThere is a leak in the drainage system or the insertion site✓ 正解引流系統或插入部位有漏氣
- CThe client has a significant pneumothorax being evacuated病人有顯著的气胸正在排出
- DThe chest tube is occluded by a clot胸管被血塊阻塞
胸腔引流系統的評估是 NCLEX 常客。水封腔（Water-seal chamber）的正常表現應是隨呼吸波動（Tidaling），若出現「持續且劇烈」的氣泡，通常代表系統內有漏氣（Air leak）。這可能來自病患的肺部漏氣嚴重，或是引流管接頭鬆脫、敷料不嚴密。區別：抽吸腔（Suction chamber）有氣泡是正常的，代表抽吸正在運作；但水封腔出現持續氣泡則是警訊。護理師應從靠近病患的一端開始夾閉管路查找漏氣點，這是基於物理密封原理的判斷。
Constant, vigorous bubbling in the water-seal chamber indicates an air leak within the drainage system or at the insertion site, rather than normal lung evacuation. While intermittent bubbling may occur with pneumothorax, persistent bubbling requires immediate investigation to locate and repair the leak.
美國 NCLEX 強調護理師應具備夾管尋找漏氣點的批判思考能力；台灣臨床上，若發現劇烈冒泡，護理師通常會先檢查外接管路，若無異常則會迅速請醫師到場，較少自行進行多次夾管測試。