— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師正在為病人進行靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。觀察到下列何種情況需立即停止輸注？
A nurse is administering a dose of intravenous Vancomycin to a client. Which observation requires immediate cessation of the infusion?
- AThe client reports mild itching at the infusion site病患報告輸注部位有輕微搔癢
- BThe client exhibits a generalized maculopapular rash病患出現全身性斑丘疹
- CThe client reports a metallic taste in their mouth病患報告口中金屬味
- DThe client develops flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso✓ 正解病患出現臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
此臨床表現為紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），是因萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放。需立即暫停輸注，減慢速度重啟或給予抗組織胺。B 選項（全身性紅疹）通常指過敏反應，雖需停藥但「紅人症」是輸注過快最經典的立即反應。
Flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso indicates Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion. This condition requires immediate cessation of the infusion to prevent progression to hypotension or respiratory distress. Slowing the infusion rate or premedicating with antihistamines can help manage this reaction upon restart.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於 Vancomycin 輸注速度規範趨同，均強調至少 60 分鐘以上以防紅人症。