— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病患被診斷為低血鉀，護理師監測哪項評估結果最為重要？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to monitor?
- AMuscle cramping肌肉痙攣
- BIncreased bowel sounds腸蠕動音增加
- CDry mucous membranes黏膜乾燥
- DIrregular heart rhythm✓ 正解心律不整
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子（Potassium）是維持細胞膜靜止電位的重要電解質，尤其對心肌細胞的電生理活動至關重要。低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會導致心肌細胞再極化延遲，造成心電圖改變（如 ST 段壓低、T 波平坦、U 波出現）及心律不整。心律不整可能迅速惡化為致命性的心室顫動（Ventricular Fibrillation），因此在所有低血鉀的評估中，心臟功能的監測是護理師的最高優先級（Priority）。
Hypokalemia causes cardiac electrical instability, leading to irregular heart rhythms that can rapidly progress to fatal arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, monitoring for cardiac dysrhythmias is the highest priority over other symptoms such as muscle cramps or decreased bowel sounds.