— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
對於低血鈣病人，護理師應監測哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor for in a patient with hypocalcemia? (Select all that apply.)
- APositive Trousseau’s sign✓ 正解特魯索氏徵象呈陽性
- BMuscle cramps and tremors✓ 正解肌肉痙攣與顫抖
- CPositive Chvostek’s sign✓ 正解雪佛斯特氏徵象呈陽性
- DHyperactive bowel sounds✓ 正解腸鳴音亢進
- EBradycardia心搏過緩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鈣（Hypocalcemia）會增加神經肌肉的興奮性，導致一系列的肌肉抽搐與神經反射亢進。經典的臨床徵象包括 Trousseau’s sign（充氣袖帶誘發腕部痙攣）與 Chvostek’s sign（輕敲臉神經誘發面部抽搐）。此外，腸胃道平滑肌興奮性增加會導致腸鳴音亢進，這些都是低血鈣典型的臨床表現。
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to signs such as positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs, muscle cramps, and hyperactive bowel sounds. These manifestations result from heightened reflexes and smooth muscle spasms characteristic of low serum calcium levels.