下列哪些關於胸腔引流管的護理正確？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following describes the correct nursing care for a client with a chest tube? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the drainage system below chest level✓ 正解將引流系統保持在胸部水平以下
- BClamp the chest tube whenever ambulating在行走時夾住胸腔引流管
- CEnsure the system is upright at all times✓ 正解確保系統始終保持直立
- DFrequently milk the tubing to clear clots經常擠壓管路以清除血塊
- ECheck for fluctuation in the water-seal chamber✓ 正解檢查水封室是否有波動
胸腔引流系統需保持低於胸部平面，以防液體逆流進胸腔。系統必須維持直立以免漏氣。水封瓶的水位變動（Fluctuation/Tidaling）代表肺部膨脹良好，是正常現象。夾住引流管（Clamping）會造成張力性氣胸風險，非必要不可夾；擠壓管路（Milking）會引發危險的負壓，不建議常規執行。
The chest drainage system must be kept below chest level to prevent backflow of fluid into the chest cavity. The system must remain upright to prevent air leakage. Fluctuation/tidaling in the water-seal chamber indicates adequate lung expansion and is a normal finding. Clamping the chest tube poses a risk of tension pneumothorax and must not be done unless necessary; milking the tubing produces dangerous negative pressure and is not recommended as a routine practice.
美台皆嚴格禁止常規夾管，除非醫師指示或檢查漏氣源頭。