護理師檢視一位低血容量休克病人的實驗室結果。哪項發現支持此診斷？
A nurse is reviewing the lab results for a client with hypovolemic shock. Which finding supports the diagnosis?
- ADecreased serum sodium血清鈉降低
- BDecreased hematocrit血比容降低
- CDecreased heart rate心率降低
- DIncreased urine specific gravity✓ 正解尿液比重增加
低血容量休克（hypovolemic shock）的核心病理生理為有效循環血量減少。當身體感知到灌流量不足時，下視丘會刺激腦下垂體後葉釋放抗利尿激素（ADH），促進腎小管對水分的再吸收，以試圖維持血壓。此機制導致尿液量減少且濃度極高，即尿比重（urine specific gravity）升高。臨床評估此類病人時，尿比重是反映體液平衡狀態的重要指標，數值大於 1.030 常提示體液脫水。
The core pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock is a reduction in effective circulating blood volume. When the body senses inadequate perfusion, the hypothalamus stimulates the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH), promoting reabsorption of water by the renal tubules in an attempt to maintain blood pressure. This mechanism results in decreased urine volume and highly concentrated urine, that is, an increased urine specific gravity. When clinically assessing such clients, urine specific gravity is an important indicator of fluid balance, with values greater than 1.030 often suggesting dehydration.