慢性腎臟病患抱怨虛弱疲倦，實驗室檢查鉀離子濃度為 6.2 mEq/L。護理師應準備給予哪些藥物？（選所有適合的）
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reports feeling weak and fatigued. The laboratory results show a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which medications should the nurse prepare to administer? (Select all that apply.)
- ACalcium gluconate✓ 正解葡萄糖酸鈣
- BRegular insulin and Dextrose✓ 正解常規胰島素與葡萄糖
- CSodium polystyrene sulfonate✓ 正解聚苯乙烯磺酸钠
- DFurosemide速尿
- EPotassium chloride氯化鉀
高血鉀 6.2 mEq/L 屬危險值。治療順序：1. Calcium gluconate 保護心肌；2. Insulin/Dextrose 將鉀離子送入細胞內；3. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 經腸道移除鉀離子。Furosemide 在末期腎病效果有限，KCl 絕對禁忌。
A potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L indicates dangerous hyperkalemia requiring prompt treatment. Calcium gluconate stabilizes the cardiac membrane to prevent lethal dysrhythmias, while regular insulin and dextrose temporarily shift potassium into cells. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate facilitates potassium excretion via the gastrointestinal tract. Furosemide is generally ineffective in end-stage renal disease, and potassium chloride is strictly contraindicated.
美國常規使用 Patiromer 或 ZS-9 等新型降鉀藥物；台灣基層仍普遍使用離子交換樹脂，給藥方式需注意便秘監測。