— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · MCQ —
一位患有創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的病人抱怨常做惡夢。下列哪項護理指導對於長期症狀管理最有效？
A patient with PTSD reports frequent nightmares. Which nursing instruction is most effective for long-term symptom management?
- ATeach relaxation techniques like deep breathing and guided imagery✓ 正解教導放鬆技巧，如深呼吸與引導式想像
- BEncourage staying awake until exhaustion to avoid dreaming鼓勵保持清醒直到筋疲力竭，以避免做梦
- CSuggest taking sleeping pills every night建議每晚服用安眠藥
- DRecommend keeping a dream journal to process trauma建議記錄夢境日記以處理創傷
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
PTSD 病人常受惡夢困擾，這與交感神經長期處於過度覺醒（Hyperarousal）狀態有關。放鬆技巧（如深呼吸、引導式想像）能有效啟動副交感神經，降低焦慮水平，改善睡眠品質。對於 PTSD 的治療，應鼓勵病人透過專業心理諮商處理創傷，而非自行書寫或強迫自己保持清醒。長期管理目標在於提升病人的自我調節能力。
Teaching relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and guided imagery, is the most effective intervention for long-term management of PTSD-related nightmares because it helps regulate autonomic hyperarousal and promotes restful sleep. These non-pharmacological strategies empower the client to self-soothe and improve coping mechanisms without the risks associated with sleep deprivation or dependency on sedatives.