護理師正在照護一位因化療導致嗜中性球低下（Neutropenia）的病人。為降低感染風險，護理師應執行下列哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement to reduce the risk of infection? (Select all that apply.)
- AAvoid performing any intramuscular injections避免進行任何肌肉注射
- BPlace a fresh vase of flowers in the client's room to improve mood在病人房間放置一瓶鮮花以改善情緒
- CEnsure all healthcare staff perform strict hand hygiene before entry✓ 正解確保所有醫療保健人員在进入前執行嚴格的手部衛生
- DTeach the client to avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables✓ 正解教導病人避免食用生水果和蔬菜
- EPerform a temperature check every 4 hours✓ 正解每4小時測量一次體溫
嗜中性球低下（ANC < 1000/mm³）病人的免疫力極度脆弱，其感染往往來自自身菌叢或環境，且可能迅速進展為敗血症。降低風險的核心在於：1. 嚴格手部衛生（C）是預防交叉感染的最有效方法。2. 飲食控制（D），避免生食（如生菜、未剝皮水果），因為這些食物可能攜帶細菌或真菌。3. 頻繁監測體溫（E），因為發燒可能是感染的唯一徵兆（缺乏發炎反應）。選項 A（避免肌肉注射）主要是預防「出血」而非「感染」，通常用於血小板低下。選項 B 是禁忌，鮮花與植物的土壤與水中含有大量細菌（如綠膿桿菌），絕對不可進入中性球低下病人的病房。此類題型測驗環境控制與病人保護的全面性。
Neutropenic patients (ANC < 1000/mm³) have severely compromised immunity; their infections often arise from their own flora or the environment and can progress rapidly to sepsis. The core of risk reduction includes: 1. Strict hand hygiene (C), the most effective method for preventing cross-infection. 2. Dietary control (D), avoiding raw foods (such as raw vegetables or unpeeled fruit) that may carry bacteria or fungi. 3. Frequent temperature monitoring (E), since fever may be the only sign of infection (due to a blunted inflammatory response). Option A (avoiding IM injections) is primarily for prevention of bleeding rather than infection and is generally directed at thrombocytopenia. Option B is contraindicated: fresh flowers and the soil/water of houseplants carry abundant bacteria (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and must never be brought into a neutropenic patient's room. This type of question tests comprehensive environmental control and patient protection.
美國醫院對於保護性隔離（Protective Isolation）的執行非常標準化，包含專用的 HEPA 濾網病房；台灣則視病房等級而定，且台灣病家常會帶鮮花水果探視，護理師在衛教家屬「不可攜入植物」的溝通壓力通常較大。