一位病人正處於嚴重的恐慌發作並有過度換氣現象。護理師應優先採取哪項行動？
A client is experiencing a severe panic attack and is hyperventilating. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AStay with the client and use short, simple sentences.✓ 正解陪伴病人並使用簡短、簡單的句子
- BAsk the client to explain what triggered the panic attack.詢問病人是什麼引發了恐慌發作
- CLeave the client alone to allow them privacy to calm down.讓病人獨處以給予隱私來平靜下來
- DAdminister an ordered oral antidepressant immediately.立即給予醫囑的口服抗憂鬱劑
恐慌發作（Panic Attack）時，病人的認知功能暫時受損，無法進行邏輯思考或長篇對話。首要護理原則是「確保安全與陪伴」。選項 A 的陪伴能提供安全感，且使用短促、簡單的句子符合病人當時的訊息處理能力。選項 B 在急性期是無效的，病人無法分析誘因；選項 D 中口服抗憂鬱藥起效太慢，且急性期常需苯二氮平類（BZD）而非抗憂鬱藥；選項 C 是禁忌，恐慌病人若獨自一人會感到極度恐懼甚至瀕死感。臨床思路上，首要任務是降低焦慮與穩定生理徵象（呼吸），之後才能進行衛教或治療。
During a severe panic attack, the client's ability to process complex information is impaired, making simple, short sentences the most effective communication method. Staying with the client provides a sense of safety and support, which is the primary nursing priority. Asking the client to analyze triggers or leaving them alone can increase anxiety, while oral antidepressants do not address acute symptoms.
在美國，護理師常被訓練引導病人進行腹式呼吸或使用紙袋（雖然紙袋法現在較少用，改推廣慢速呼吸）；台灣臨床則非常依賴醫師開立 PRN 藥物（如注射 Ativan）來快速緩解症狀。