— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備給予靜脈注射氯化鉀。應採取哪些措施？（多選）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister as an IV bolus to ensure quick correction作為靜脈推注以確保快速糾正
- BVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確認周邊靜脈輸注濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- CEnsure the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確保病人有足夠的尿量
- DUse an IV pump for infusion✓ 正解使用靜脈幫浦進行輸注
- EMonitor the site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解監測穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎的跡象
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀為高警訊藥物。絕對不可靜脈推注（Bolus），會導致致命心律不整。給藥前必須確認腎功能及尿量（>30 mL/hr），濃度需經稀釋且必須使用輸液幫浦定量給予。氯化鉀具強烈刺激性，周邊血管需嚴密監測是否發生靜脈炎或外滲。
Potassium chloride must be administered via an IV pump to control the rate and avoid fatal cardiac arrhythmias from bolus injection. The nurse must verify adequate urine output to ensure renal excretion capability and monitor the infusion site for phlebitis, as potassium is irritating to peripheral veins.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常規單位多需使用幫浦；台灣在資源受限環境有時仍可見手動滴注，但高警訊藥物均要求幫浦。