— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師準備施打皮下肝素(Heparin),下列哪項護理措施是正確的?
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously. Which nursing action is appropriate?
- AMassage the injection site vigorously after administration注射後用力按摩注射部位
- BAdminister the injection in the abdominal area at least 2 inches from the umbilicus✓ 正解在距離臍部至少 2 吋的腹部區域注射
- CAspirate before injecting the medication注射前抽回血
- DUse a 1-inch needle for the injection使用 1 英吋長的針頭進行注射
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肝素(Heparin)皮下注射的核心在於防止局部組織損傷與出血風險。腹部是常規注射部位,因其皮下脂肪層較厚且血管分佈較少。注射時應避開臍周圍至少 2 英吋(約 5 公分),以防吸收不均或穿刺到腹肌。注射後切勿按摩,以免造成微血管破裂形成大片瘀青。此外,現代護理實證指出,皮下肝素注射無需抽回血,且注射後無需按揉,以維護針孔處的血管完整性。
Subcutaneous heparin should be administered in the abdomen, at least 2 inches away from the umbilicus, to ensure consistent absorption and avoid irritating sensitive areas. Vigorous massage after injection is contraindicated as it increases the risk of hematoma formation, and aspiration is unnecessary for subcutaneous injections.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床教學中,嚴格強調 Heparin 注射後「絕對不可按摩」(No massage),並常在考題中作為陷阱;而在台灣,部分臨床情境中護理師可能仍習慣輕按,這在 NCLEX 考試中屬於錯誤行為。