— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
中風後有吞嚥困難的病患，哪些護理措施是必要的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are essential for a client recovering from a stroke with dysphagia? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the head of the bed elevated during meals✓ 正解進餐時抬高床頭
- BProvide thin liquids for hydration提供稀薄液體以補充水分
- CPerform oral care before and after meals✓ 正解餐前及餐後執行口腔護理
- DAdd thickening agents to liquids✓ 正解在液體中添加增稠劑
- EEncourage rapid swallowing to prevent choking鼓勵快速吞嚥以防止嗆咳
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
吞嚥困難的重點在於防止吸入性肺炎。直立姿勢（A）能利用重力防止逆流；口腔清潔（C）可減少細菌進入肺部；稠化液體（D）可增加液體流動阻力，減少吞嚥失誤。B 選項錯誤，稀薄液體最易進入氣管；E 選項錯誤，應鼓勵緩慢、有意識的吞嚥。
To prevent aspiration pneumonia in clients with dysphagia, the nurse should maintain an upright position during meals, perform oral care before and after eating, and use thickening agents for liquids. Thin liquids and rapid swallowing increase the risk of aspiration, so these practices should be avoided.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常有專業言語治療師 (SLP) 主導吞嚥評估；台灣則多由護理師與醫師合作進行初步篩檢。