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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位急性胰臟炎病患主訴嚴重腹痛。下列何種評估發現最令護理師擔憂?

A client with acute pancreatitis presents with severe abdominal pain. Which assessment finding is most concerning to the nurse?

  • ANausea and vomiting
    噁心與嘔吐
  • BRigid, board-like abdomen✓ 正解
    僵硬如木板般的腹部
  • CDecreased bowel sounds
    腸鳴音減弱
  • DSerum amylase level of 500 U/L
    血清澱粉酶濃度為500 U/L
Explanation · 中文詳解

急性胰臟炎(Acute pancreatitis)是一種嚴重的胰腺發炎,其特點是腹部劇痛,可能伴隨噁心、嘔吐、發燒等症狀。嚴重的急性胰臟炎可能導致全身性發炎反應症候群(SIRS)、器官衰竭,甚至死亡。護理師在照護此類病人時,需密切監測可能預示病情惡化或併發症的臨床表現。 腹部僵硬、板狀感(Rigid, board-like abdomen)是腹膜炎(Peritonitis)的典型徵兆。腹膜炎的發生可能源於胰臟炎導致的化學性腹膜炎(化學物質刺激腹膜)或繼發性感染。腹膜受到嚴重刺激時,腹壁肌肉會不自主地收縮,呈現板狀硬度。這種情況通常表示病情危急,需要立即的醫療介入,包括手術評估,以處理腹腔內的炎症或感染,防止進一步擴散。 選項 B 是最令人擔憂的發現。腹部出現板狀硬度,是腹膜炎的強烈警訊,可能預示著嚴重的併發症,需要立即評估與處理。 選項 C 雖然是常見症狀,但腸鳴音減弱(Decreased bowel sounds)在胰臟炎中很常見,可能由於腸道麻痺(Ileus)引起,雖然需要關注,但其緊急性不如板狀腹。 選項 D 雖然血清澱粉酶(Serum amylase)升高至 500 U/L(正常值通常低於 100 U/L)證實了胰臟發炎,但這是一個診斷性指標,且在急性期數值可能波動,本身不代表當下最緊急的生命威脅。 選項 A 噁心嘔吐(Nausea and vomiting)是急性胰臟炎的常見症狀,雖然會影響病人的營養攝取和舒適度,但通常不具有立即的生命危險性,可透過藥物治療和禁食(NPO)來管理。

A rigid, board-like abdomen is a classic sign of peritonitis, a serious complication of acute pancreatitis caused by chemical irritation or infection of the peritoneal lining. This finding indicates severe abdominal inflammation and muscle guarding, representing a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. Although nausea, decreased bowel sounds, and elevated amylase are common in pancreatitis, they do not pose the same immediate life-threatening risk as peritonitis.

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