護理師正在監測一位患有愛迪生氏病（Addison's disease）的病人是否出現愛迪生氏危象。護理師應監測哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is monitoring a client with Addison's disease for signs of addisonian crisis. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BHyperglycemia高血糖
- CTachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- DHyperkalemia✓ 正解高血鉀
- EHypernatremia高血鈉
愛迪生氏危象是腎上腺皮質功能急性不足的危險狀態，主要源於皮質醇（Cortisol）與醛固酮（Aldosterone）分泌不足。醛固酮缺乏會導致鈉流失（Hyponatremia）與鉀滯留（Hyperkalemia），同時水分隨鈉排出造成嚴重低血容積與低血壓。皮質醇缺乏則會導致低血糖。病人會因為低血壓而出現代償性心跳過快。這是內分泌急症，護理重點是立即補充高劑量類固醇（如 Hydrocortisone）與大量生理食鹽水，並嚴密監測電解質與心律變化。
Addisonian crisis is a life-threatening state of acute adrenocortical insufficiency caused primarily by inadequate secretion of cortisol and aldosterone. Aldosterone deficiency leads to sodium loss (hyponatremia) and potassium retention (hyperkalemia), and water is excreted along with sodium, causing severe hypovolemia and hypotension. Cortisol deficiency leads to hypoglycemia. The client may develop compensatory tachycardia in response to hypotension. This is an endocrine emergency, and nursing priorities include immediate administration of high-dose corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone) and large volumes of normal saline, along with close monitoring of electrolytes and cardiac rhythm.
美國 NCLEX 考試極度重視「危象」的預防與衛教，如病人出院須攜帶緊急皮質醇注射包（Emergency Kit）；台灣臨床則較偏向於住院期間的穩定與口服藥物調整，對於居家緊急注射的訓練覆蓋率相對較低。