— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人因低鉀血症被開立 20 mEq 氯化鉀經由周邊靜脈點滴輸注，護理師的首要行動為何？
A client is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride 20 mEq via peripheral line for hypokalemia. What is the priority nursing action?
- AAssess the urine output before administration給藥前評估尿液排出量
- BAdminister the dose as an IV bolus push作為靜脈推注給藥
- CInfuse the medication over 15 minutes to save time在 15 分鐘內輸注藥物以節省時間
- DDilute the medication in at least 100 mL of normal saline✓ 正解將藥物稀釋於至少 100 mL 之生理鹽水中
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注氯化鉀具高刺激性，必須稀釋以防血管炎及組織壞死。絕對禁忌 IV 推注（會導致致命心律不整）。雖評估尿量（A）亦重要，但確保給藥安全性（稀釋）是給藥準備步驟中的核心安全規範。滴注速率通常為 10 mEq/h，不可過快。
Intravenous potassium is highly irritating to veins and must be diluted to minimize the risk of phlebitis and tissue damage. Administering it undiluted or too rapidly can cause severe complications, making proper dilution a critical safety step before administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均嚴格執行稀釋規範，台灣護理師更需注意留置針管徑與輸液幫浦設定。