— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些藥物在醫院環境中被視為「高警訊藥物」（High-Alert Medications）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following medications are considered High-Alert Medications in a hospital setting? (Select all that apply.)
- AInsulin✓ 正解胰島素
- BIntravenous potassium chloride✓ 正解靜脈用氯化鉀
- CHeparin✓ 正解肝素
- DAcetaminophen乙醯胺酚
- EOpioids✓ 正解類鴉片藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高警訊藥物是指用藥錯誤時，對病人造成嚴重傷害風險較高的藥物。包括胰島素、靜脈輸注鉀離子、抗凝血劑（如肝素）與類鴉片止痛劑。乙醯胺酚（Acetaminophen）雖然長期服用過量會傷肝，但通常不列入 ISMP 定義的高警訊清單中。
High-alert medications pose a significant risk of serious harm or death if administered incorrectly. Insulin, intravenous potassium chloride, heparin, and opioids are classified as high-alert due to their potential for causing severe hypoglycemia, fatal arrhythmias, life-threatening hemorrhage, or respiratory depression. Acetaminophen is not typically included in this category despite its toxicity in overdose.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院評鑑與病人安全目標亦參考 ISMP 高警訊藥物清單，標準與美國幾乎一致。