— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列何者為使用地高辛（Digoxin）病人出現潛在毒性的指標？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following findings would indicate a potential toxicity in a client receiving digoxin? (Select all that apply.)
- AVisual disturbances (yellow-green halos)✓ 正解視覺障礙（黃綠色光暈）
- BNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心和嘔吐
- CBradycardia✓ 正解心搏過緩
- DIncreased urinary output尿量增加
- EConfusion or lethargy✓ 正解意識混亂或嗜睡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
地高辛毒性表現多樣，視覺上出現黃綠色光暈（halo）是其特徵性中毒症狀。消化系統表現如噁心嘔吐極為常見。心臟方面表現為心搏過緩或各種心律不整。神經系統則可能出現混亂、嗜睡。選項 D（尿量增加）通常是藥物發揮正性肌力與改善心衰竭後的有益結果，並非中毒特徵，故不選。
Digoxin toxicity commonly presents with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting, neurological changes such as confusion, and characteristic visual disturbances like yellow-green halos. Bradycardia also occurs due to the drug's effect on the AV node, whereas increased urinary output is a therapeutic benefit rather than a sign of toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常教導病人居家自測脈搏，台灣醫療體系對於慢性病衛教多由門診個管師執行，住院中則由護理師監測。