— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人正在服用 Warfarin。下列哪些行為顯示病人需要進一步的衛教？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which findings indicate the client requires further education regarding safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AUsing a soft-bristled toothbrush for oral care使用軟毛牙刷進行口腔護理
- BConsuming a large bowl of fresh spinach daily✓ 正解每天食用一大碗新鮮菠菜
- CUsing an electric razor for shaving刮鬍時使用電動刮鬍刀
- DTaking aspirin for minor headaches without consulting the doctor✓ 正解未經諮詢醫師，自行服用阿斯匹靈治療輕微頭痛
- ECarrying an identification card stating they are on anticoagulants攜帶註明正在服用抗凝血劑的識別卡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 是維生素 K 拮抗劑，其藥效受飲食中維生素 K 攝取量的影響。深綠色蔬菜（如菠菜）富含維生素 K，大量攝取會抵消藥效，導致凝血功能異常。此外，阿斯匹靈具抗血小板功能，與 Warfarin 合併使用會顯著增加出血風險。護理師必須確保病人理解這些藥物交互作用，以維持治療的安全性與有效性。
Consuming large amounts of spinach introduces significant vitamin K, which antagonizes warfarin and reduces its anticoagulant effect. Taking aspirin increases the risk of bleeding when combined with warfarin therapy.