— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · SATA —
一位糖尿病病人開始胰島素治療。護理師應包含哪些衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A patient with diabetes is starting an insulin regimen. Which teaching points should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BKeep unopened insulin in the freezer將未開啟的胰島素存放在冷凍庫
- CSigns and symptoms of hypoglycemia✓ 正解低血糖的徵兆與症狀
- DHow to perform blood glucose monitoring✓ 正解如何進行血糖監測
- EDiscard insulin if it becomes cloudy若胰島素變混濁則丟棄
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素照護衛教重點：輪替部位預防脂肪堆積（A）、識別低血糖症狀（C）、血糖自我監測技能（D）。胰島素不可冷凍（B），結冰會破壞蛋白質結構；胰島素原本就可能有懸浮性（如 NPH 為懸浮液），故不可單以渾濁即判定廢棄（E）。
Nursing education for insulin therapy should include rotating injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent absorption, recognizing signs of hypoglycemia for early intervention, and performing self-monitoring of blood glucose to guide dosage adjustments. Insulin should never be frozen as it destroys the protein structure, and cloudiness may be normal for intermediate-acting insulins like NPH, so it should not automatically be discarded.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣糖尿病衛教多由衛教師（護理師/營養師）共同進行，美國則較強調護理師在出院時的實際操作演練驗證。