— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導病人自我注射皮下胰島素。下列哪些是安全給藥的必要步驟？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of subcutaneous insulin. Which actions are essential for safe administration? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解旋轉注射部位以防止脂肪營養不良
- BAspirate before injecting the medication注射藥物前回抽
- CCleanse the site with alcohol and allow it to dry✓ 正解用酒精清潔注射部位並讓其自然風乾
- DPinch the skin fold if using a long needle✓ 正解若使用較長針頭則捏起皮膚摺
- EMassage the site vigorously after injection注射後用力按摩注射部位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素注射需採取部位輪替避免皮下脂肪萎縮；清潔皮膚後必須待酒精揮發乾燥以免刺痛；長針頭需捏起皮膚以確保藥物送入皮下而非肌肉層。回抽針頭（Aspiration）在皮下注射是不必要的，因為皮下組織沒有大血管。按摩則會加速吸收導致血糖波動，應避免。
Safe subcutaneous insulin administration involves rotating injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy, cleansing the area with alcohol and allowing it to dry to avoid stinging, and pinching the skin if using a longer needle to ensure proper delivery. Aspiration is unnecessary for insulin, and vigorous massage should be avoided to prevent erratic absorption.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對於酒精乾燥的衛教一致，但台灣病人常有按摩習慣，需特別提醒不可按摩。