— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護長期使用類固醇的病人。應監測哪些健康風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which health risks should be monitored? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyperglycemia✓ 正解高血糖
- BOsteoporosis✓ 正解骨質疏鬆
- CFluid retention✓ 正解液體滯留
- DIncreased risk of infection✓ 正解感染風險增加
- EHypoglycemia低血糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
長期使用皮質類固醇（Corticosteroids）會對全身多個系統產生影響。代謝方面，類固醇會促進糖質新生，導致血糖升高；電解質方面，會促進鈉與水份滯留；骨骼方面，會抑制骨母細胞活性並減少鈣吸收，導致骨質疏鬆；免疫方面，則會抑制發炎反應，導致感染風險增加。護理師必須全面監測這些副作用，並教導病人相關症狀的預防與回報。
Long-term corticosteroid therapy suppresses the immune system, increasing the risk of infection, and causes sodium and water retention leading to fluid volume excess. These medications also stimulate gluconeogenesis, resulting in hyperglycemia, and inhibit bone formation, raising the risk of osteoporosis. Monitoring for these metabolic and physiological changes is essential for client safety.