— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
對於一位第一型糖尿病病人,哪項評估發現暗示酮酸中毒(DKA)的發生?
Which nursing assessment finding for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus suggests the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- APolyuria and polydipsia多尿與多飲
- BDiaphoresis and tremors盜汗與顫抖
- CDeep, rapid respirations✓ 正解深快呼吸
- DHypotension and tachycardia低血壓與心搏過速
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)是第一型糖尿病常見的嚴重併發症,核心機轉為胰島素極度缺乏導致脂肪分解增加,產生過多酮體(Ketones),進而引發代謝性酸中毒。身體為了補償血液中過低的 pH 值,會啟動呼吸代償機制,即庫斯莫呼吸(Kussmaul breathing),特徵為深且快的呼吸,旨在排出過多的二氧化碳以提升 pH 值。這是臨床上評估酸中毒嚴重程度的重要指標。
Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul breathing) indicate the body's compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis caused by excessive ketone production in diabetic ketoacidosis. This breathing pattern helps eliminate carbon dioxide to raise blood pH levels.