— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師準備餵食一位有吞嚥困難病史的病人。下列哪項措施是確保安全的優先事項？
A nurse is preparing a client with a history of dysphagia for lunch. Which intervention is the priority to ensure safety?
- APlace the client in a high-Fowler's position✓ 正解將個案置於高福勒氏臥位
- BEnsure the client has dentures in place確保個案戴好假牙
- COffer thin liquids to prevent choking提供稀薄液體以防止嗆到
- DProvide a straw to make swallowing easier提供吸管以使吞嚥更容易
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
吞嚥困難病人最核心的照護重點在於防範吸入性肺炎。高半坐臥位（High-Fowler's）利用重力作用使食物順利進入食道，並降低食道括約肌壓力，避免逆流或氣管異物哽塞。其他選項皆有風險：吸管可能導致流速過快，薄液體最易進入氣管，應使用增稠劑，假牙雖需配戴但非預防窒息的首要條件。
Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position uses gravity to facilitate safe swallowing and significantly reduces the risk of aspiration. This positioning is the primary safety intervention for clients with dysphagia during meals.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於吞嚥困難皆由 SLP（語言治療師）評估，但在台灣，護理師需確認醫囑中是否有特殊飲食稠度規定，並嚴格執行。