護理師準備餵食有吞嚥困難的病人。哪項措施在預防吸入性肺炎最重要？
A nurse is preparing to feed a client who has dysphagia. Which intervention is the highest priority to prevent aspiration?
- AOffer small, frequent meals throughout the day全天提供少量多餐
- BCheck for pocketing of food in the mouth檢查口腔內是否有食物殘留
- CPosition the client upright at a 90-degree angle✓ 正解將客戶置於90度直立姿勢
- DProvide thickened liquids as prescribed依處方提供增稠液體
吞嚥困難（Dysphagia）病人的核心安全原則是預防吸入性肺炎（Aspiration pneumonia）。高坐臥位（High-Fowler's position）利用地心引力確保食物順利經由食道進入胃部，同時減少會厭軟骨閉合不全時食物進入氣管的風險。這是所有餵食介入中最基礎且最重要的姿勢要求。若姿勢不正確，即便採用其他輔助措施，吸入風險仍極高。在 NCLEX 考試中，處理高風險病人時，永遠優先考慮利用物理環境（如姿勢）來保障呼吸道通暢。
The core safety principle for clients with dysphagia is prevention of aspiration pneumonia. A high-Fowler's position uses gravity to ensure that food passes smoothly through the esophagus into the stomach and minimizes the risk of food entering the trachea when epiglottic closure is incomplete. This is the most basic and important positioning requirement among all feeding interventions. Without correct positioning, the risk of aspiration remains very high even when other adjunctive measures are used. On the NCLEX, when caring for high-risk clients, physical environmental measures (such as positioning) that safeguard airway patency should always be prioritized.